Jump to content

Category of manifolds

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In mathematics, the category of manifolds, often denoted Manp, is the category whose objects are manifolds of smoothness class Cp and whose morphisms are p-times continuously differentiable maps. This is a category because the composition of two Cp maps is again continuous and of class Cp.

One is often interested only in Cp-manifolds modeled on spaces in a fixed category A, and the category of such manifolds is denoted Manp(A). Similarly, the category of Cp-manifolds modeled on a fixed space E is denoted Manp(E).

One may also speak of the category of smooth manifolds, Man, or the category of analytic manifolds, Manω.

Manp is a concrete category

[edit]

Like many categories, the category Manp is a concrete category, meaning its objects are sets with additional structure (i.e. a topology and an equivalence class of atlases of charts defining a Cp-differentiable structure) and its morphisms are functions preserving this structure. There is a natural forgetful functor

U : ManpTop

to the category of topological spaces which assigns to each manifold the underlying topological space and to each p-times continuously differentiable function the underlying continuous function of topological spaces. Similarly, there is a natural forgetful functor

U′ : ManpSet

to the category of sets which assigns to each manifold the underlying set and to each p-times continuously differentiable function the underlying function.

Pointed manifolds and the tangent space functor

[edit]

It is often convenient or necessary to work with the category of manifolds along with a distinguished point: Manp analogous to Top - the category of pointed spaces. The objects of Manp are pairs where is a manifold along with a basepoint and its morphisms are basepoint-preserving p-times continuously differentiable maps: e.g. such that [1] The category of pointed manifolds is an example of a comma category - Manp is exactly where represents an arbitrary singleton set, and the represents a map from that singleton to an element of Manp, picking out a basepoint.

The tangent space construction can be viewed as a functor from Manp to VectR as follows: given pointed manifolds and with a map between them, we can assign the vector spaces and with a linear map between them given by the pushforward (differential): This construction is a genuine functor because the pushforward of the identity map is the vector space isomorphism[1] and the chain rule ensures that [1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Tu 2011, pp. 89, 111, 112
  • Lang, Serge (2012) [1972]. Differential manifolds. Springer. ISBN 978-1-4684-0265-0.
  • Tu, Loring W. (2011). An introduction to manifolds (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. ISBN 9781441974006. OCLC 682907530.